|
What's Happening in the
South Shore Estuary Reserve?
| |
Note our new address: www.LISSER.us
|
Governor Cuomo and HUD Announce Approval of New York State's Disaster Recovery Action Plan
$1.7 billion to help communities in Empire State to rebuild from Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee
Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Shaun Donovan today (April 26, 2013) announced federal approval of New York State’s recovery action plan to help struggling homeowners and businesses following Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee. Funded through HUD's Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG – DR) program, New York State’s recovery action plan calls for a combined $1.7 billion investment in a variety of housing, infrastructure and business recovery activities. To read the full press release: http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/04262013Disaster-Recovery-Action-Plan
For the NY Rising, Recovery Resource Center website and to apply for funding: http://www.nysandyhelp.ny.gov/
For more information and to read the NYS Action Plan: http://www.nyshcr.org/Press/ActionPlan/
|
The Seals have returned to the South Shore Estuary (information)
|
EPA, New York State and Suffolk County Launch
Household Hazardous Waste Pickup and Drop-Off in Suffolk County.
Contact: John Martin, 646-592-1425, martin.johnj@epa.gov or Elias Rodriguez, 732-672-5520, rodriguez.elias@epa.gov
(New York, N.Y. – Nov. 11, 2012) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and Suffolk County will collect and properly dispose of potentially hazardous common household products from flood-damaged homes in Suffolk County. Beginning on Nov. 12, people in affected homes may bring household products, including solvents, paints, cleaners, oil, propane tanks, batteries, petroleum products, weed/bug killers, car batteries, bleach and ammonia, to one of four drop-off locations. In addition, starting on Nov. 12, residents of Islip, Babylon, Patchogue, Mastic Beach and Riverhead can put waste products on the curb for pickup.
The drop-off and pickup locations are listed below:
Venetian Shores Park, 801 Granada Parkway, Lindenhurst, NY
Islip Multipurpose Recycling Facility, 1155 Lincoln Avenue, Holbrook, NY
Wastewater Treatment Plant, 1 Hammond Street, Patchogue, NY
Highway Barn, 1177 Osborn Road, Riverhead, NY (*begins Tues., Nov. 13*)
“Household hazardous waste, such as petroleum products, old paint and pesticides can be dangerous and should be disposed of properly to protect people’s health and the environment,” said EPA Regional Administrator Judith A. Enck. “The EPA is urging people to separate potentially hazardous products from their regular trash and bring them to one of the newly established drop-off locations or place them on the curb in areas with curbside pickup.”
Oil-contaminated debris or material contaminated by other petroleum or chemical products should be separated and stored in a well-ventilated area. If stored outdoors, the piles should be covered to keep rain from contaminating nearby soil and water. Any chemical or oil spills, such as from home heating oil tanks, must be reported to DEC through the agency’s Spills Hotline at 1-800-457-7362.
It is also important to clean and disinfect everything touched by flood waters as quickly as possible, since they may contain bacteria or toxic chemicals from sources as varied as garden chemicals, heating oil and sewage.
Porous items need to be dried right away to prevent mold. If possible, household furnishings should be cleaned or disinfected. If they cannot be cleaned, they should be discarded. Hard, non-porous surfaces should also be cleaned. For detailed advice, see the State Department of Health’s website http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/emergency/weather/hurricane/ and http://www.epa.gov/sandy/factsheets.html
For more information on handling household hazardous waste in Suffolk County, visit: http://epa.gov/sandy/pdf/R2SuffolkHHW.pdf
The EPA and DEC have also worked with communities to establish temporary storage areas for storm-generated debris. New Yorkers can find more information by calling the EPA at 888-283-7626 or the DEC regional office on Long Island at 516-444-0375 during normal business hours to obtain specific disposal information.
More information can be found at http://www.epa.gov/sandy |
|
| |
Input Needed for the Development of the Western Section of the
South Shore Estuary Blueway Trail |
Planning for the western portion of the South Shore Estuary Reserve Blueway Trail has begun. Input is being solicited from people who have local experience and knowledge of the area. A website has been established to provide background information, updates and as a portal for the input of information.
Please visit http://www.southshoreblueway.com/blueway-users to find out more about this important project.
Funding for the South Shore Blueway Trail has been made possible by the Village of Freeport, a Local Waterfront Revitalization Program grant from the New York State Department of State under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund, and the Nassau County Environmental Bond Act Program.
|
South Shore Estuary Reserve Council Meeting
June 28, 2012
PowerPoint Presentations Available
|
The powerpoint presentations on the Town of Islip Great Cove Watershed Plan and the progress of the
Town of Hempstead EPF funded projects related to the Western Bays LWRP process are both
available by clicking on the highlighted links.
|
|
|
Great South Bay Ecosystem-based Management Plan |
The Great South Bay Ecosystem-based Management Plan (Plan) has been completed and is now available to download. The Nature Conservancy prepared the Plan for the NYS Department of State to serve as a guide for Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) planning in the Great South Bay. The Plan was developed as part of a demonstration project pursuant to the 2006 New York Ocean and Great Lakes Ecosystem Conservation Act (Act). The Act calls for an EBM approach to development and preservation activities in order to safeguard the health and sustainability of New York’s Ocean and Great Lakes ecosystems.
The Plan is an important tool in the efforts to amend the South Shore Estuary Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan and the New York State Coastal Management Plan.
Plan
Appendices
|
| |
 
The annual Alewife monitoring survey
Each year volunteers monitor the run of these important fish which migrate from salt to fresh water in the Spring. The 2013 study began on March 15th. more
|
South Shore Estuary Reserve
Comprehensive Management Plan
Implementation Status Report 2006-2010
Now Available
|
From January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2010, New York State supported 94 projects in the SSER that are advancing state and regional priorities resulting in significant implementation of the SSER CMP for water quality protection, habitat restoration, and estuary-related economic support. Coupled with state agency technical assistance to local governments and SSER partners, these projects implement specific SSER CMP recommendations for watershed management plan development, water quality assessment, improved stormwater management, marine species restoration, maritime trail and signage development, historic building restoration and preservation, and shoreline erosion control. An additional 119 projects/activities supporting SSER CMP priorities were funded entirely by SSERC partners without state assistance. View Report |
Great South Bay Hard Clam Restoration Working Group Final Report Available
|
| The Great South Bay Hard Clam Restoration Working Group, consisting of a multi-government, agency and stakeholder team, was convened in 2009. The Working Group fosters coordination and management of efforts to advance hard clam restoration by Suffolk County and the towns of Babylon, Brookhaven, Islip, as well as The Nature Conservancy. The final report of this group, containing the long term management recommendations for hard clam restoration in the Great South Bay, is now available in the reports section of their website. www.GSBclams.org |
ClimAID Report Released |
On November 17, 2011, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) released Responding to Climate Change in New York State: The ClimAID Integrated Assessment for Effective Climate Change Adaptation, prepared by Columbia University, the City University of New York, and Cornell University.
The ClimAID assessment provides detailed information on climate change impacts and adaptation for eight sectors in New York State: water resources, coastal zones, ecosystems, agriculture, energy, transportation, telecommunications and public health. Climate trends and future projections were developed for seven regions across the state.
The report can be downloaded at: http://nyserda.ny.gov/Publications/Research-and-Development/Environmental/EMEP-Publications/Response-to-Climate-Change-in-New-York.aspx. |
South Shore Estuary Reserve Council Meeting
March 24, 2011
PowerPoint Presentations Available
|
Presentations on Water Quality and Climate Change made at the March 24, 2011
South Shore Estuary Reserve Council meeting in Hauppauge, New York are available to download here.
Questions on the presentations can be directed to teshanna.brunner@dos.state.ny.us
|
The New York State Sea Level Rise Task Force
Final Report Available
|
On December 31, 2010, the New York State Sea Level Rise Task Force delivered its report to the New York State Legislature. Created in 2007 by the State Legislature, the 14 member task force assessed impacts to the state's coastlines from rising seas and recommended protective and adaptive measures. The New York State Department of State served on the task force.
The report is available at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/slrtffinalrep.pdf information on the New York State Sea Level Task Force can be found at:http://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/45202.html.
|
South Shore Estuary Reserve Council Meeting
September 28, 2010
PowerPoint Presentations Available
Six power point presentations on issues relevant to the development of the South Shore Estuary amendment to the New York State Coastal Management Program were made at the September 28, 2010 South Shore Estuary Reserve Council meeting in Hauppauge, New York. The presentations are available to download here. Questions on the SSE Amendment and/or the presentations can be directed to teshanna.brunner@dos.state.ny.us |
Planning for Dredged Material Management in the South Shore Estuary Reserve
Final Reports Available
|
The New York State Department of State retained the consultant Woods Hole Group to compile existing information on dredging in the South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) as a preliminary step to a possible Dredged Material Management Plan. With the assistance of a Project Advisory Committee representing SSER stakeholders, the reports containing this information and recommendations for improving dredging practices have been completed. This information is available for use by the SSER Council members and other stakeholders to improve administration of dredging, including coordination of permit information and beneficial use or evaluation of disposal options for dredged material. The public's participation in the review of the information was facilitated by three public meetings held in Brookhaven, West Sayville and Point Lookout in March 2010.
|
President Signs Executive Order
Stewardship of Oceans, Coasts, and Great Lakes
|
On Monday, July 19, 2010, President Barack Obama signed the National Ocean Council Executive Order, establishing a National Policy for the Stewardship of the Ocean, Coasts, and Great Lakes. The order also creates a National Ocean Council to strengthen ocean governance and coordination and adopts many of the recommendations made by the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force appointed by the President in June 2009. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the policy sets the country on a path toward comprehensive planning for the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean and provides a foundation for achieving and maintaining clean beaches, abundant seafood and wildlife, a robust economy and jobs and recreational opportunities from our oceans, coasts and Great Lakes areas. |
Town of Oyster Bay Completes Studies to Implement the
SSER Comprehensive Management Plan
|
This project consisted of 5 components. These are 1) Massapequa Creek Watershed Management and Corridor Restoration Plan, 2) South Oyster Bay Hard Clam Population Study, 3) Waterfront Development Plan, 4) Estuary Public Use and Tourism Study, and 5) Open Space Preservation Plan. These reports address CMP goals to reduce nonpoint source pollution; increase harvest levels of hard clams and other estuarine shellfish species; protect and restore coastal habitats; preserve open space; increase public use of the estuary and expand tourism; and sustain water dependent use. All of the components to this project have been completed and approved by DOS and are available here.
|
Town of Hempstead Working to Reestablish Native Oyster Population |

Baby Oysters, called spat, on shells that will be placed in the bay.
|

Town staff place bags of shells in the bay to reestablish reefs, increase the oyster population, and prevent marsh erosion.
|
  
Growth on one of the experimental oyster reefs in November 2010 showing from left to right: Placement of shell containing bags in relation to the marsh; Clutch of oysters bursting through their bags; One year oysters with quarter for size reference.
|
The Town of Hempstead is conducting a multi-year project to encourage the growth of oyster reefs in the Hempstead bays. The goal is to expand shellfishing opportunities, improve water quality, and reduce marsh erosion. As filter feeders, oysters improve water quality by taking in water and filtering it. The water they expel back into the bay is cleaner than the water they take in. Oyster reefs prevent marsh erosion by building up around marsh edges, which holds plants and sediment place. The project is supported by a grant awarded to the town by the New York Department of State through the New York State Environmental Protection Fund.
|
First Fish Ladder in Nassau County Section of Estuary
|
|
The first permanent fish ladder in the Nassau County section of the Estuary opened for the 2010 season. Massapequa Creek is part of the alewife monitoring program being coordinated by Seatuck Environmental Association. The ladder was installed as a cooperative effort of Nassau County, NOAA, and the Fish and Wildlife Service as a result of a superfund site settlement agreement. It is designed to facilitate the movement upstream of diadromous fish such as alewives, trout and eels. Join our alewife monitoring efforts. The picture to the left shows the housing for the the electronic fish counter which was added for the 2011 spring count. It along with temperature sensors at both the salt and fresh ends of the ladder were installed and maintained by Seatuck. Preliminary data for 2011 included visual sitings of alewives and over 100 upstream records on the counter. As part of this project several hundred alewives were moved from the Peconic river in Riverhead to Massapequa in March of 2012. (video) If you would like to see the ladder it is easily accessible just east of Ocean Avenue on Merrick Road in Massapequa. |
|
|
South Shore Estuary Vessel No Discharge Zone Approved
|
An application to declare the bays of the Long Island South Shore Estuary Reserve (Reserve) a Vessel No Discharge Zone (NDZ) under the federal Clean Water Act has been approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Planning and preparation for this action, included as recommendations of the Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan Chapter 7 Outcome 1-2 were key steps in the effort to reduce water quality impairments throughout the south shore bays and navigable waters of the Reserve. Led by the Baykeeper organization, the NDZ designation comes as the result of a two year effort. The significant accomplishment to realize the NDZ designation was the result of cooperation and successful partnerships between Reserve local governments state agencies, and diverse estuary stakeholder groups who shared a common goal of improving Reserve water quality.
“As chairperson of the Long Island South Shore Estuary Reserve Council, I applaud the work of the state agencies and the Peconic Baykeeper that led to the designation of the estuarine bays in the Reserve as a Vessel Waste No- Discharge Zone. The designation is a significant step towards a healthier ecosystem and cleaner water in the Reserve. It bolsters the investment and efforts of the New York State Department of State and its partners on the Reserve Council to improve the water quality of the South Shore bays and their tributaries, to protect the habitats for the bays’ aquatic species, and to enhance the region’s economy and maritime heritage.” said New York Secretary of State Lorraine Cortes-Vasquez.
The relatively calm waters of the Reserve support many commercial and recreational activities, including boating, fishing, and tourism. Boat wastewater discharges can impair water quality and wildlife habitat. The Reserve NDZ designation will prohibit discharging of any wastes from marine sanitation devices into Reserve waters, and will encourage boater use of land based and/or mobile vessel pump-out facilities.
Information about Vessel No Discharge Zones.
Reserve pump out facilities
|
 |
Using Nature's Power to Restore Shellfish in the Hempstead Bays
|
|
|
| The Town of Hempstead recently dedicated its new "green" Shellfish nursery utilizing the power of the sun and wind to operate its expanded FLUPSY (Floating Upweller System) for the grow out of juvenile shellfish. The Town anticipates the new system will expand annual grow out capacity by 800% enabling accelerated restoration of shellfish populations for conservation purposes and support of the traditional shellfish industry. As filter feeders, shellfish play a critical role in maintaining estuary water quality. The project is the first of its kind in the Long Island South Shore Estuary Reserve (Reserve) and will serve as an important example for other Reserve partners who are involved in shellfish restoration activities. |
|
|
| The FLUPSY system currently in operation inside the hatchery building which delivers a constant flow of water to the shellfish being held in the circular tanks. |
The new, moveable barge showing the array of solar panels and the unique, energy efficient paddlewheel used to move large volumes of water over the clams which are placed in the FLUPSY units below the floor grating. |
Stewards turn out for Fall Beach Cleanups |
|
Volunteers follow a protocol devised by the Ocean Conservancy for the International Coastal Cleanup held each September since 1986. The cleanups are coordinated and debris collection data are compiled by the American Littoral Society. Included among many stewards of the SSER are members of general public, the Coast Guard Auxiliary, the New York State Marine Education Association, Environmental Resource Management (ERM) Foundation, local boy and girl scout troops, and high school and college students.
To find out more about beach cleanups contact: the American Littoral Society. |
|
|
Volunteers keep records of all materials collected |
All materials which are collected are then weighed |
|
|
A total of 661 pounds of marine debris was collected by over 75 Reserve stakeholders at Jones Beach on this day
|
New Watershed Plan for Beaver Dam Creek |
Mouth of Beaver Dam Creek flowing into Great South Bay
|
A watershed management plan has been completed for the Beaver Dam Creek in the Town of Brookhaven. The plan was prepared for the New York State Department of State and the Reserve Council with the assistance of an advisory committee of local government, community groups and watershed residents. Beaver Dam Creek is an important tributary flowing into the Great South Bay region of the South Shore Estuary Reserve and has been the focus of successful partnership based efforts to restore tidal wetlands and improve water quality. The new plan will serve as a framework for local governments, state agencies, watershed groups and residents to take specific recommended actions to restore water quality and improve living resource habitat consistent with the South Shore Estuary Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan. Click to view the full Beaver Dam Creek Watershed Management Plan.
|
|
Two New Collection Boats Launched by Operation SPLASH |

|
Operation SPLASH (Stop Polluting, Littering And Save Harbors) recently launched two new marine debris collection boats purchased through the 2006 Nassau County Environmental Bond Act. The boats will be used by SPLASH volunteers to patrol local waterways and clean up the bays and wetlands in the western portion of the Reserve. For more information: www.operationsplash.org . SPLASH now has five vessels docked in Freeport, Wantagh and Massapequa, out on the waters of the SSER
helping to keep our bays clean!
|
Watershed Planning Multimedia Informational Packages Available |
 |
The New York Department of State, in partnership with the Department of Environmental Conservation, has prepared a watershed planning multimedia informational package to meet the growing demand for assistance in watershed planning. It represents an integrated, comprehensive approach to watershed planning that relies on sound science and community consensus to set a shared vision for the future, identify problems, find solutions, and create an action strategy to improve water quality. Watershed Plans: Protecting and Restoring Water Quality summarizes this approach to help characterize watersheds, assess water quality and natural resources, evaluate local controls and practices, develop actions and recommendations, and create implementation strategies. The guidebook builds on a shared approach to watershed management as a means to reduce nonpoint source pollution and protect water resources. It presents a flexible step-wise approach to watershed planning and implementation that highlights local and regional successes in a series of case studies across New York State. The video was designed to encourage local governments and groups to form networks and strengthen partnerships with agencies and educational institutions, to benefit from the wealth of expertise available to protect and restore shared water resources. For more information contact the Department of State website, www.nyswaterfronts.com or 518-474-6000. |
The SSER Office Has Moved..... |
New Mailing address: Directions
New York State Department of State
South Shore Estuary Reserve Office
250 Veterans Memorial Highway
2nd Floor, Room 2A15
Hauppauge, New York 11788-5519
main # 516-470-BAYS (2297), Fax # 631-952-7902 sser@dos.ny.gov
SSER Staff:
Sherry Forgash: 631-952-7901 Sherry.Forgash@dos.ny.gov
Lou Siegel: 631-952-7903 Lou.Siegel@dos.ny.gov |
More Reserve News...
|
Going Coastal, Has a map and iphone app for pumpout stations/boats for Long Island which those in the SSER http://www.goingcoastal.org/Maps/Entries/2012/3/30_Long_Island_Pumpout_Map.html
|
New laws affect phosphorus in the environment. More
|
Coastguard Auxiliary Teaches Marine Safety at Sea Explorers Marine Camp in the SSER. More
|
Water Temperature, Tides, and other live and historic data about the SSER is available here
|
According to a new national report, our nation is losing salt marshes three times faster than previously reported in 2006. The vast majority of this loss is due to relative sea level rise and the effects of coastal storms, highlighting the vulnerability of these valuable habitats.
To learn more, read the news release or the full report — Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States 2004-2009 |
The invasive Giant Hogweed plant, can cause blisters and blindness on contact. Your assistance is requested to report sightings to 845-256-3111. Callers are asked to provide photos and site information, but avoid touching the plant. More
|
National - NOAA Sets $15 Fee for the National Saltwater Angler Registry
|
NOAA announced the fee for registering with the National Saltwater Angler Registry will be $15 as of Jan. 1, 2011. The good news is that anglers in 22 of 24 coastal states, including New York, do not need to register or pay a fee since those states have agreements to share fishing license or registry information with NOAA for data collection purposes. New York has an agreement with NOAA, however, you must buy a NYS salt water fishing license to fish in NYS’s marine and coastal districts.http://www.dec.ny.gov/permits/54950.html For recreational fishermen in Hawaii, New Jersey, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands who are required to register, there's still time to register for free. Registration is free for those who sign up or renew their registrations before the end of the year. For more information or to register, go online at www.CountMyFish.noaa.gov or call toll-free at (888) 674-7411.
|
|
Hempstead Supervisor Kate Murray and the Town Board adopted legislation designating the township's 100 parks "smoke free," a step that will protect thousands of children and adults who recreate at the town's facilities from the ill effects of second-hand smoke. More |
DowlingCollege and Town of Islip Announce Agreement for Shellfish Research and Education
Dowling Students Now Have Expanded Courses, Research and Internship Opportunities
Dowling College and the Town of Islip have entered into a cooperative agreement to further efforts in the research, inventory and
restoration of the Great South Bay’s shellfish population. The ten year agreement will allow Dowling and the Town to work together in restoring
the bay’s ecosystem while training students to be the future leaders in the field of marine science. More |
| Citizens Advisory Committee Member Linda Freilich has been named as the Sierran of the Year by the Long Island Chapter of Sierra Club for her work monitoring the environment with the Water Sentinels Program. |
Here's something else to keep an eye out for when you're out in the field, or your backyard, this year. Cornell University is conducting the Lost Ladybug Project, focusing on documenting the distributions of all ladybugs, but especially our rare natives. All this project requires is for you to take photos of ladybugs you encounter, record some simple information, and upload the photos. Visit www.lostladybug.org to learn more. |
| The ospreys have returned! Many communities have encouraged the nesting of these beautiful fish hawks by constructing platforms which attract breeding pairs each spring. Several nests are found along route 27A in Oakdale, one is just south of Cedar Beach along the State boat channel and a third can be found at the Town of Hempstead, Oceanside Marine Nature Study Area. Many birds still prefer to select their own site such as the pair that has been nesting in one of the chimneys at Dowling College and another pair that chose a more natural location at the Bayard Cutting Arboretum along the Connetquot River. More about ospreys. |
| The Long Island River Otter Project has recently completed a report titled "The Status and Distribution of River Otter (Lontra canadensis) on Long Island, New York". The report documents otter sightings and signs of otter populations on Long Island and discusses possibilities for improving species recovery. Despite its common name, the River Otter inhabits lakes, ponds, swamps and marshes as well as rivers. It is also found in coastal areas, including the saline waters of tidal estuaries such as the bays of the South Shore Estuary Reserve. For more information about otters, view this flyer (.pdf) or contact Mike Bottini via email or by calling 631-267-5228. |
| The
New York Ocean and Great Lakes Atlas provides
a wide variety of environmental, social, and economic data
for New York State and the South Shore Estuary Reserve! More |
| Have
you or your group participated in a stewardship activity
that helps to further the SSER Comprehensive Management Plan?
See past recipients of our Preserve the Reserve Stewardship Certificates and
application procedures. More |
Looking
for fun and interesting things to see and do on the South
Shore?
Check out the new Explore
the South Shore website. Its time to get out there! |
Long Island
Traditions has announced
the launch of the "South Shore portal" web site. The
site examines the cultural history and contemporary traditions
of Long Island's south shore estuary, stretching from Atlantic
Beach to Hampton Bays. Learn about the maritime architecture,
ranging from bay houses and bungalows to boatyards and hotels. See
what is in your home town. Listen to stories of hurricanes
and rum runners. Learn how to document your community's
cultural resources. Add your own story to the memories
page. And learn what baymen do for a living. All
this and more!
Just click here and
share your thoughts.
|
| The most recent issue of Seagrass.LI is available here. The newsletter describes recent efforts to restore eelgrass in the waters surrounding Long Island, including the Reserve. Check it out! |
| The New York State
Marine Education Association (NYSMEA,) under a grant from the Environmental Resource Management
(ERM) Group Foundation
would like to assist classes or groups in getting started with
stewardship activities in the reserve. More |
| Learn about rivers and streams in the Reserve: Visit the Reserve Tributaries page! |
We would like to help you reach more people!
If you are an historic or environmental resource relevant to the South
Shore Estuary, add your name to our Directory of Educational Resources! More |
Looking for a chance to get involved in the Reserve? Want to let others know of ways to get involved?
Check out the Stewardship Opportunities page! |
Disclaimer |
|